![]() ![]() Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (or bases). The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are thus antiparallel. A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences. This information is replicated when the two strands separate. ![]() In DNA, the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine the purines are adenine and guanine.īoth strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information. The complementary nitrogenous bases are divided into two groups, pyrimidines and purines. ![]() The nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-stranded DNA. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds (known as the phospho-diester linkage) between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases ( cytosine, guanine, adenine or thymine ), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. ![]() Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates ( polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( / d iː ˈ ɒ k s ɪ ˌ r aɪ b oʊ nj uː ˌ k l iː ɪ k, - ˌ k l eɪ-/ ( listen) DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2022
Categories |